Diagnosis
and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia
(Trial
Version 7)
(Released
by National Health Commission & State Administration of
Traditional
Chinese Medicine on March 3, 2020)
Since December 2019, multiple cases of novel coronavirus
pneumonia (NCP) have been identified in Wuhan, Hubei. With the spread of the
epidemic, such cases have also been found in other parts of China and other
countries. As an acute respiratory infectious disease, NCP has been included in
Class B infectious diseases prescribed in the Law of the People's Republic of
China on Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, and managed as an
infectious disease of Class A. By taking a series of preventive control and
medical treatment measures, the rise of the epidemic situation in China has
been contained to a certain extent, and the epidemic situation has eased in
most provinces, but the incidence abroad is on the rise. With increased
understanding of the clinical manifestations and pathology of the disease, and
the accumulation of experience in diagnosis and treatment, in order to further
strengthen the early diagnosis and early treatment of the disease, improve the
cure rate, reduce the mortality rate, avoid nosocomial infection as much
as possible and pay attention to the spread caused by the imported cases from
overseas, we revised the Diagnosis and
Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (Trial Version 6) to Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel
Coronavirus Pneumonia (Trial Version 7).
I. Etiological Characteristics
The novel coronaviruses belong to the β genus. They have envelopes,
and the particles are round or oval, often polymorphic, with diameter being 60
to 140 nm. Their genetic characteristics are significantly different from
SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Current research shows that they share more than 85%
homology with bat SARS-like coronaviruses (bat-SL-CoVZC45). When isolated and
cultured in vitro, the 2019-nCoV can be found in human respiratory epithelial
cells in about 96 hours, however it takes about 6 days for the virus to be
found if isolated and cultured in Vero E6 and Huh-7 cell lines.
Most of the knowledge about the physical and chemical
properties of coronavirus comes from the research on SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. The
virus is sensitive to ultraviolet and heat. Exposure to 56°C for 30 minutes and
lipid solvents such as ether, 75% ethanol, chlorine-containing disinfectant,
peracetic acid, and chloroform can effectively inactivate the virus.
Chlorhexidine has not been effective in inactivating the virus.
II. Epidemiological Characteristics
1. Source
of infection
Currently, the patients infected by the novel coronavirus
are the main source of infection; asymptomatic infected people can also be an
infectious source.
2. Route
of transmission
Transmission
of the virus happens mainly through respiratory droplets and close contact.
There is the possibility of aerosol transmission in a relatively closed
environment for a long-time exposure to high concentrations of aerosol. As the
novel coronavirus can be isolated in feces and urine, attention should be paid
to feces or urine contaminated environment that may lead to aerosol or contact
transmission.
3. Susceptible
groups
People are generally susceptible.
