THE 121st KHUTBAH DELIVERED AT
AREA 10 JUMA’AH MASJID ABUJA, BY IMAM YAHYA GARBA AL-YOLAWI, ON 26TH MAY,
2017/ 29TH SHA’BAN1437 AFTER
HIJRA
TOPIC: GUIDING RULES TO RAMADAN FAST
In the name of Allah the Most gracious
theMerciful
My dear respected brothers and sisters in Islam, in our series
of khutbah toward Ramadan; today’s sermon will discuss the topic: Guiding rules
of Ramadan fast.
Brothers
and sisters in islam, what remains now to
Ramadan is just some few hours or a day ; we need to remind our self and refresh our
memory with the standing rules of Ramadan in order to attain and achieve maximum benefits in this precious time which comes only once
in every year.
Fasting
as it is,became an
obligatory in month of
sha’abanin the second year after Hijra. Ramadan fast was basically do to
what Allah says: “Oh
you who have believeddecreed upon you is fasting as it was decreed upon those
before youthat you may become righteousness" (Q 2:183
The Prophet (SAW) also described fasting (the month of Ramadan)
as one of the five (5) pillars of Islam in the famous hadith known as Hadith
Jibril related by Bukhari and Muslim.Where Angel Jibril came to the Prophet in
the shape of a man and asked about Islam. In response, the Prophet said: “Islam
is to testify that there is nothing to be worship except Allah and Muhammad is
the Messenger of Allah,perform the Prayers, give out Zakat, fast in the month of Ramadan andperforming
Pilgrimage if you have the means”.
DETERMINING THE BEGINNING THE MONTH OF RAMADAN
The obligation of fasting the month of Ramadan becomes mandatory
upon the occurrence of one of two things: to sight the crescent of Ramadan
after the sunset of the 29th day of Sha’abanor, if the crescent is not seen,
then completing 30 days of Sha’aban. So, the beginning of the month of Ramadan,
as well as the end of the month is determined by sighting the crescent, and if
not cited, then by completing the month with 30 days--as is the case with
determining all the months of the hijra calendar.
The prophet [SAW] was reported to have said: “observe fast on sighting
it [the new moon] and break it on sighting it. But if (due to clouds) the
actual position of the moon is concealed from you, you should the count thirty
30 [days]”. Imam Muslim
THOSE TO FAST IN THE MONTH OF RAMADAN
Fasting the month of Ramadan is
one of the pillars of Islam. It is obligatory upon every sane, healthy,
Muslim whose reached puberty and is not in a state of traveling during
the time of fasting. As for women, they must not fast, if they are menstruating
or having post-childbirth bleeding.
The prophet (SAW) was
reported to have said:”Islam has been built on five [pillars]: testifying that
there is no deity worthy of worship except Allah and that Muhammad is the
messenger of Allah, establishing the prayers, paying the zakat, performing
pilgrimage to the house and fasting in Ramadan”. Bukhari& Muslim.
THOSE WERE EXEMPTED FROM FASTING
Those that were exempted from fasting include: The insane;
Children who are not adolescent yet; The elderly and chronically ill for whom fasting is undoubtedly dangerous
to his life; such persons are required to feed at least one poor person every
day in Ramadan for which he or she has missed fasting. The sick and the travelers can also suspend their fasting.
(Allah SWT) says in the Holy Qur'an, Surah Al-Baqara: “but if anyone is ill, or
on a journey, the prescribed period should be made up by days later. Allah
intends every facility for you; He does not want to put you to difficulties”.Q2:184
Fasting is also not obligatory on the menstruating woman or
the woman who is in her post natal
bleeding period. It is unlawful for them to fast. The woman who missed days
of fasting during Ramadan for these reasons has to make up each missed day.
As well, the pregnant woman is allowed not to fast if she
fears that harm would come to her or her baby from her fasting; likewise the
breast-feeding woman is allowed not to fast if she fears harm would come to her
or her baby from her fasting. Both must make up every one of the missed days of
fasting. As well, if the reason they did not fast was solely the fear of
harming their baby, then in addition to making up the missed days of fasting,
they must feed, a two cupped, average-sized handfuls of the most common staple
food of the country, for each day they missed.
COMPONENT OF RAMADAN
There are two components or conditions to make fasting
acceptable:
1.
The
Intention (niyyah) for fasting.
One should make a sincere intention to fast
for the sake of Allah every day before dawn. The intention need not to be in
words, but must be with the sincerity of the heart and mind. Some jurists are
of the opinion that the intention can be made once only for the whole month and
does not have to be repeated every day.
2.
Abstaining
from eating, drinking
and sexual related activities that invalidates fasting from dawn to sun –set with
the intention of worship.
THINGS THAT NULLIFY RAMADAN FAST
Things that invalidate fast, are of two kinds.
A.
Qada (required only making up missed days) which
are:
1.
Passing –in something
in to the stomach through mouth, nose ,eyes or
from a private part.
2.
Lack of having intention, (on obligatory
fast),
3.
change of once
religion (ridda), eating and drinking or sexual intercourse under compulsion.
4.
Deliberately causing
oneself to vomits.
5.
To begin menstruation;
and post-childbirth bleeding even in the last moment before sunset. Ejaculation
for sexual intercourse or otherwise.
6.
Eating, drinking or having intercourse after
dawn on the mistaken assumption that it is not dawn yet.
7.
Similarly, engaging in these acts before
Maghrib on the mistaken assumption that it is already sunset.
B.
Kaffaraother one not only requires Qada but also
Kaffarah (a penalty).Things that not only requireQada but also Kaffarah:
deliberately eating and drinking or having Sexual intercourse during fasting
period (dawn to dusk). The penalty is setting a slave free, if he don’t have,
then fasting an additional period of 60 continuous days. If one is not able to
do so then he/she must feed sixty poor people-one average meals each.
THINGS THAT ARE
PERMISSABLE IN RAMADAN FAST
Things that are permissible in Ramadan include:
1.
Taking a bath or
shower.
2.
Using perfumes, using eye drops.(if it is not
perceived in the throat).
3.
Taking injections or
having blood test for the purpose of medication.
Using miswak (tooth-stick) or toothbrush (even with toothpaste) to
some scholars.
4.
Rinsing the mouth with water provided it is
not overdone (to avoid swallowing water).
5.
Eating, drinking
unintentionally, i.e. one forgot that he was fasting. However, one must stop as
soon as he remembers and should continue with his fasting.
6.
If one sleeps during
the daytime and has a wet dream, it does not break one's fast. Also,
7.
If one has intercourse
during the night and was not able to make ghusl (bath) before dawn,
he/she can begin fast and make ghusl later.
8.
Women whose menstruation stops during the
night may begin fast even if they have not made ghusl yet. In all
these cases, bathing (ghusl) is necessary but fast is valid even without
bathing. ).
9.
Unintentional vomiting.
10.
Swallowing things that
are not possible to avoid, such as one's saliva, street dust, smoke does not
break the fast in shaAllahuta’alah.
At this juncture I will seize this opportunity to draw the
attention of the traders, businessmen and women that they should fear Allah and
ease things to the generality of muslimummahand not to jack up prices of food
stuff and other essential fasting commodity as Ramadan is fast approaching.
.May Allah forgive me
where i am wrong and guide us to the right path.
We ask Allah the most
high, to continue to guide, protect our Iman and may He spare our lives to
witness this upcoming Ramadan, and accept it as an act of
ibadah. Ameen.
Contact: yahyalyolawi@gmail.com
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